Abstract In orthopteran insects, a complex tibial organ has evolved to detect substrate vibrations and/or airborne sound.Species of New Zealand weta (Anostostomatidae) with tympanal ears on the foreleg tibia use this organ to communicate by sound, while in atympanate species (which communicate by Massage Rollers substrate drumming) the organ is uns
In the presence of oxygen (O2) the model bacterium Escherichia coli is able to conserve energy by aerobic respiration.Two major terminal oxidases are involved in this process - Cyo has a relatively low affinity for O2 but is able to pump protons and hence is energetically efficient; Cyd has a high affinity for O2 but does not pump protons.When E.co
Introduction Early relationship experiences with parents or other important caregivers provide the matrix on which people form subsequent bonds in their lives.An attachment style relates to how people perceive themselves and significant others in terms of the possibility of obtaining support and care in stressful situations.There can be distinguish
Venomous marine gastropods of the superfamily Conoidea possess a rich axle hub Assembly arsenal of toxins, including neuroactive toxins.Venom adaptations might have played a fundamental role in the radiation of conoideans; nevertheless, there is still no knowledge about the venom of the most diversified family of the group: Raphitomidae Bellardi, 1
Cognitive models emphasise the importance of attentional bias in addiction.However, many attentional bias tasks have been criticised for questionable psychometric properties and inability to differentiate between engagement and disengagement processes.This study therefore examined the suitability of two alternative tasks for assessing attentional b